#include <stdio.h>
inline int read() {
char ch = getchar();
int x = 0, f = 1;
while(ch < '0' || ch > '9') {
if(ch == '-') f = -1;
ch = getchar();
}
while('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') {
x = x * 10 + ch - '0';
ch = getchar();
}
return x * f;
}
int main() {
int n, a, b;
n = read();
while(n--) {
a = read(); b =read();
printf("%d\n", (a & b) + (a | b));
}
return 0;
}